Electronics

Electronics

Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and is usually applied to information and signal processing. Similarly, the ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible.

Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.

Electronics and computer is distinct from electrical and electro-mechanical science and technology, which deals with the generation, distribution, switching, storage and conversion of electrical energy to and from other energy forms using wires, motors, generators, batteries, switches, relays, transformers, resistors and other passive components. This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device. 

Until 1950 this field was called radio technology because its principal application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers and vacuum tubes computer.and television

Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering. This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics

Electronic devices and components

An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a desired manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components are generally intended to be connected together, usually computer by television being soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator.

Components may be packaged singly or in more complex groups as integrated circuits. Some common electronic components are capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc. Components are often categorized as active transistors and  or passive  resistors and capacitors

Digital circuits

Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit digital system and logic are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuits use a binary system with two voltage levels labeled  and  Often logic will be a lower voltage and referred to as Low while logic  is referred to as High However, some systems use the reverse definition  or are current based. 

Ternary with three states logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made. Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers used to control industrial processes are constructed of digital circuits. Digital signal processors are another example.

Computer aided design

Today's electronics engineers have the ability to design circuits using premanufactured building blocks such as power supplies, semiconductors (such as transistors), and integrated circuits. Electronic television design automation software programs include schematic capture programs and printed circuit board design programs. Popular names in the EDA software world