electronics and mobile

 

A mobile phone

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station

Electronic hobbyists these days have to buy their parts online. Even in large cities, large parts distributors have closed their doors to walk-in customers, dealing only with online orders. Below is a selection of the best parts suppliers, with ratings

Environmental record

In the Guide the company scored badly on the Energy criteria, being criticized for setting a weak target for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and not making renewable energy part of its low carbon strategy. LG scored most points in the Sustainable Operations category with the company providing take-back for obsolete phones in 52 countries and being in the process of addressing the issue of conflict minerals. 

However, the guide warned that LG risks incurring a penalty point in future editions as it was still being listed as a client of Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) who have been linked to illegal logging and deforestation in Indonesia

The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.

The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000. Mobile news services are expanding with many organizations providing "on-demand" news services by SMS. Some also provide "instant" news pushed out by SMS.

A driver placing a call

Mobile phone use

Mobile phone use while driving is common, but dangerous. Due to the number of accidents that are related to cell phone use while driving, some jurisdictions have made the use of a cell phone while driving illegal. Others have enacted laws to ban handheld mobile phone use, but allow use of a handsfree device. In some cases restrictions are only directed to minors or those who are newly qualified license holders.

Digital radio

HD Radio technology is new. It allows digital information to be broadcast along the same channels as  radio. The system allows listeners to enjoy CD-quality sound and virtually eliminates the static, signal fading, and pops typical of traditional radio. 

The technology also provides a platform for new data services, such as song and artist information, weather services, and traffic alerts. And best of all, it's FREE for consumers.

While stations are only now in the process of converting, more come online every week. Is your station on in digital? How do you listen to it? For answers to these andMore stations come online every week, and new technologies like multicasting are starting to be offered.

Multicasting technology allows stations to broadcast multiple program streams from the same digital transmitter - imagine your favorite NPR station providing continuous news on one channel and your favorite music on a new multicast channel. All you need is a new digital radio and to tune to a public radio station providing multicast programs in your area. Check out the links below for the latest receiver and station information. It's the best of both worlds and it's free!

Radio propagation is also affected by several other factors determined by its path from point to point. This path can be a direct line of sight path or an over-the-horizon path aided by refraction in the ionosphere, which is a region between approximately 60 and 600 km. Factors influencing ionospheric radio signal propagation can include sporadic-E, spread-F, solar flares, geomagnetic storms, ionospheric layer tilts, and solar proton events.

Diffraction

 Diffraction depends on the relationship between  the size of the obstacle. In other words, the size of the obstacle in wavelengths. Lower frequencies diffract around large smooth obstacles such as hills more easily. For example, in many cases where VHF  communication is not possible due to shadowing by a hill, one finds that it is still possible to communicate using the upper part of the HF band where the surface wave is of little use

In order to receive radio signals, for instance from AM/FM radio stations, a radio antenna must be used. However, since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time, a radio tuner is necessary  to a particular frequency or frequency range. This is typically done via a resonator in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor.

The resonator is configured to resonate at a particular frequency or frequency band, thus amplifying sine waves at that radio frequency, while ignoring other sine waves. Usually, either the inductor or the capacitor of the resonator is adjustable, allowing the user to change the frequency at which it resonates

Working with digital pictures

Working with digital pictures

view, organize, and print Photo printing once required a darkroom or a professional photo lab—not to mention advanced training. But in the last decade, digital cameras and computers have revolutionized the field of photography, making it possible for anyone to print photos at home. In this article, you'll learn how the tools in Windows can help you your digital pictures.

Getting pictures from

your camera into your computer

Most digital cameras store pictures on a  memory card or a Secure Digital (SD) card. When you're ready to view, organize, or print your pictures, you'll need to import the pictures to your computer. Then you can erase the pictures on the memory card and use it to take a new batch of pictures.

There are two main ways to import pictures:

Connect the camera directly. You can import pictures by connecting the camera directly to your computer using a universal serial bus (USB) cable. With this method, your camera must be turned on, so importing pictures will use up some battery power. You'll also need to keep the cable handy if you import pictures regularly.USB cableUse a memory card reader. The fastest way to import pictures is to use a memory card reader. 

Remove the memory card from your camera, slide it into the card reader, and then plug the card reader into your computer's USB port. Many computers have built-in card readers, allowing you to slide memory cards directly into the computer.

Memory card reader

Whichever method you choose, Windows should automatically recognize your camera or card reader when you plug it into your computer.

Then, follow these steps:In the Autoplay dialog box, click Import pictures plug a camera into your computer or insert a memory card into a card reader

After Windows locates your pictures, you're asked if you want to create a tag (a word or a short phrase that describes the group) for the pictures you're importing. If you do, type the tag name in the Tag these pictures (optional) box. If the pictures being imported don't have any single characteristic in common, skip this step. 

You can always add tags to individual pictures later (see Organizing and finding your pictures" in this articleand videos using Windows. Windows will locate the pictures (and any video files) on your memory card.This dialog box appears when you

Working with your pictures

After your pictures are in your computer, you will probably want to work with them. You can view several pictures on a single screen, view a single picture at full size, rotate your pictures, and see them in a slide show.

Touchscreen display computer

Product Details

Brand: Garmin Model: 010-00810-25 Format: CD-ROM Number of items: 1 Dimensions: 3.40" h x 5.40 Displaysize: 5

 Features

Sunlight-readable, 5-inch backlit TFT color touchscreen display with 480 x 272 WQVGA pixel resolution Preloaded City Navigator® NT North America (U.S. and Canada)

Free lifetime map and traffic updates for the most up-to-date maps, POIs, and navigation info, along with constantly updated traffic information

Advanced navigation features including voice-prompted turn-by-turn directions, lane assist with junction view, fuel-saving ecoRoute

Includes travel tools such as JPEG picture viewer, world travel clock, currency/measurement converters, calculator and more

Editorial Reviews

See the big, wide world with the large screen nüvi 1450LMT. It offers free Lifetime Maps and Traffic, multiple-point routing, lane assist with junction view to guide you through busy highway interchanges, pedestrian routing options and ecoRoute to find the most fuel-efficient route. available for download up to 4 times a year. Both features are ready to go, right out of the box, with no subscription or update fees and no expiration dates.

See Even More

It's easy to see where you're going on nüvi 1450LMT's 5-inch touchscreen display. View map detail, driving directions, photos and more in bright, brilliant color. With its big, bold display, you won't miss a thing.

Navigate City Transit

With its enhanced pedestrian navigation capabilities, nüvi 1450LMT is the perfect travel companion for getting around town. Download optional cityXplorer content to help you navigate city public transit. Know where to walk, where to catch the bus, subway, tram or other transportation and how long it will take to get there. cityXplorer maps are available for select cities throughout North America and Europe. And with prices as low as $9.99, you'll have money left over to spend in the big city

What's in the Box

nüvi 1450; Preloaded City Navigator NT North America (U.S & Canada); Lifetime Maps and Traffic; FM Traffic Receiver With Vehicle Power Cable; Vehicle Suction Cup Mount; USB cable; Dashboard Disc; Quick Start Manual

Customer Reviews

Most helpful customer reviews

The screen is impressive, while going from 4.3 to 5 does not sound like much it is really amazing how much more map and information that fits well on the screen. The screen itself is anti-glare that works, and very bright if you want it, I have the brightness at 60% and that is fine even in bright sunlight. The images are very crisp and clear, street names and such are auto-sized to not obstruct the map but big enough to read easily. The volume when it is reading out direction is also outstanding, so loud I have it also on 60%. So a solid 5 Stars on the screen and voice volume, as well as the pronunciation of the street names!

Snap-on Rubber

Product Description

This snap-on rubber coated case keeps your Apple iPhone 4 AT&T / Verizon safe and protected in style. Snap on rubber coated case adds a splash of color and provides protection from scratches.Allows easy access to all buttons, controls and ports. 

Material: Hard plastic case with rubber coating.Type: Non-OEM / Aftermarket. Color: Hot Pink / Black.Size: Perfect fit. Accessory ONLY, phone not included. Apple iPod®, iPhone®, or iPad are registered trademarks of Apple, Inc. Products are Apple compatible and not endorsed by Apple, Inc.Compatible With Apple®:iPhone 4AT&T 16GB /32GB. iPhone 4-Verizon 16GB /32GB.                                                                                                                                                                       

 Product Details

Amazon Sales Rank: 4 in Consumer Electronics Color: Pink / Black Brand: Snap-on Dimensions: 3.00 Features

This snap-on rubber coated case keeps your Apple  iPhone 4 AT&T / Verizon safe and protected in style. Snap on rubber coated case adds a splash of color and provides protection from scratches.

Allows easy access to all buttons, controls and ports. Material: Hard plstic case with rubber coating.Type: Non-OEM / 

Aftermarket. Color: Hot Pink / Black.

Size: Perfect fit. Accessory ONLY, phone not included. Apple iPod®, iPhone, or iPad  areregisteredtrademarks of Apple, Inc. Products are Apple compatible and not endorsed by Apple, Inc.                

Customer Reviews

The cover fits nicely on my IPhone 4S for sprint. It looks nice with the white IPhone. But it does interfere with the Camera flash. It makes the pictures have a pinkish tint. So unless you don't take pictures that require flash then I would not recommend this case. By Shakema Brinson
It fits well, and it's good grip. Nice case for the iPhone 4, but it's an very bright hot pink, if you love pink this is the case for u. It fits either Verizon/AT&T b/c of the slots. I have the Verizon version.

hought i liked it until i took a picture 

By scabral04
i have the iphone 4s verizon. i love the case but when i took a picture with flash. the back of the case is in the way. so the picture has a funny color.

Holder for iPhone

Product Description

I Ottie  Easy Flex car mount holder is designed with functionality as the main focus. iOttie Easy-Flex  windshield mount is extremely compact, has a super strong suction cup that will stick to any glass surface. The holder base and the bracket arm rotate 360 degree for virtually any position that is needed. It can be mounted in less than a minute and is also heat resistant. Rather your phone has a skin or a case on, big or small; it will hold your phone in place and allow you to adjust the angle any desired direction.

Customer Reviews 

Most helpful customer reviews

I bought this phone holder for my Razr and was so happy to open the little box it came in, this item is very simple to use and very space friendly, doesn't clutter your dashboard or windshield, it does what it is supposed to do without being in your way, easy to mount, no screws no bruise. If you want to be able to see your phone instead of the holder then this is it. Happy with this purchase. 

Ok..I've been using amazon for more than 5 years, and i have probably bought more than 500 items, but this is the first time i spend some minutes to leave a review because it really deserves it..I bought this iphone holder not so confident of what i would receive 

Because there was no feedback at all, i guess it has been just introduced to the market..but i thought, well somebody has to take the risk, i just got it..I have an iphone 4S and my car is a new ford mustang, so i wanted to buy a holder that did not affect the look of my car, in fact, i wanted it to make it look better 

Product Details

Multi-angle rotation, easy adjustment for optimal viewing You can hang your cell phone in your car with any position you prefer, turn any angle, bends different shape

360 degree rotation in all direction. Adjustable width Size:

Extra large suction cup fastens securely to the windshield and the dash mount. Please press hard on the base of the mount while rotating the suction lock. For dash mount installation, please follow the enclosed instructions carefully.

Machine tool

Machine?:

By means of a machine an applied force is increased, its direction is changed electronics, or one form of motion or energy is changed into another form. Thus defined, such simple devices as the the, the, the , and the are machine

They are called simple machine electronics; more complicated machines are merely combinations of them. Of the five, the lever, the pulley, and the inclined plane are primary; the wheel and axle and the screw are secondary. The wheel and axle combination is a rotary lever, while the screw may be considered an inclined plane wound around a core. The is a double inclined plane

Complex machines are designated, as a rule, by the operations they perform; the complicated devices used for sawing, planing, and turning, for example, are known as sawing machines, planing machines, and turning machines respectively and as collectively.

Machines used to transform other forms of energy as heat into mechanical energy are known as engines,  the  or the. The electric  transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. Its operation is the reverse of that of the electri, which transforms the energy of falling water or steam into electrical energy.

What is a Simple Machine?:

  

Is performed by applying a  over a distance. These simple machines create a greater output force than the input force; the ratio of these forces is the mechanical advantage of the machine. All six of the simple machines have been used for thousands of years, and the physics behind several of them were quantified by. These machines can be used together to create even greater mechanical advantage, as in the case of a bicycle.

machine tool, power-operated tool used for finishing or shaping metal parts, especially parts of other machines. An establishment that is equipped with such tools and specializes in such work is known as a machine shop. Machine tools operate by removing material from the workpiece, much as a sculptor works. Basic machining operations are:

(1) Turning, the shaping of a piece having a cylindrical or conical external contour; 

(2) Facing, the shaping of a flat circular surface; (3) milling, the shaping of a flat or contoured surface;

(4) Drilling, the formation of a cylindrical hole in a workpiece;

(5) Boring, the finishing of an existing cylindrical hole, as one formed by drilling;

(6) Broaching, the production of a desired contour in a surface

Computer hardware

What is Hardware?

Your PC (Personal Computer) is a system, consisting of many components. Some of those components, like Windows XP, and all your other programs, are software. The stuff you can actually see and touch, and would likely break if you threw it out a fifth-story window, is hardware.

Not everybody has exactly the same hardware. But those of you who have a desktop system, like the example shown in Figure 1, probably have most of the components shown in that same figure. Those of you with notebook computers probably have most of the same components. Only in your case the components are all integrated Your computer's system unit probably has at least one floppy disk drive, and one CD or DVD drive, into which you can insert floppy disks and CD

The Hard Disk

All of the information that's "in your computer", so to speak, is stored on your computer's hard disk. You never see that actual hard disk because it's sealed inside a special housing and needs to stay that way. Unlike RAM, which is volatile, the hard disk can hold information forever -- with or without electricity. Most modern hard disks have tens of billions of bytes of storage space on them. Which, in English, means that you can create, save, and download files for months or years without using up all the storage space it provides.

The Mouse

Obviously you know how to use your mouse, since you must have used it to get here. But let's take a look at the facts and buzzwords anyway. Your mouse probably has at least two buttons on it. The button on the left is called the primary mouse button, with your index finger touching (but not pressing on) the left mouse button. Then, as you move the mouse,

The Keyboard

Like the mouse, the keyboard is a means of interacting with your computer. You really only need to use the keyboard when you're typing text. Most of the keys on the keyboard are laid out like the keys on a typewriter. But there are some special keys like Esc (Escape), Ctrl (Control), and Alt (Alternate). There are also some keys across the top of the keyboard labeled F1, F2, F3, and so forth. Those are called the function keys, and the exact role they play depends on which program you happen to be using at the moment.

 

Computer

 Computer

What is computer ?
A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. An important class of computer operations on some computing platforms is the accepting of input from human operators and the output of results formatted for human consumption. The interface between the computer and the human operator is known as the user interface.Main article: History of computer hardware

  

History of computing

 

The first use of the word computer was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations

Programs

The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed. That is to say that some type of instructions the program can be given to the computer, and it will carry process them. While some computers may have strange concepts instructions" and output see quantum computing modern computers based on the von Neumann architecture often have machine code in the form of an imperative programming language.

  

Programming language

There are many electronics has in the world of this mobile, computer, telephone, calculater, clock etc 
Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run. Unlike natural languages, programming languages are designed to permit no ambiguity and to be concise. They are purely written languages and are often difficult to read aloud. They are generally either translated into machine code by a compiler or an assembler before being run, or translated directly at run time by an interpreter. Sometimes programs are executed by a hybrid method of the two techniques.

Memory

A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to put the number 123 in mobile othe cell numbered 1357 or to add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595. The information telephone stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.

 

Electronics

Electronics

Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and is usually applied to information and signal processing. Similarly, the ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible.

Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.

Electronics and computer is distinct from electrical and electro-mechanical science and technology, which deals with the generation, distribution, switching, storage and conversion of electrical energy to and from other energy forms using wires, motors, generators, batteries, switches, relays, transformers, resistors and other passive components. This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device. 

Until 1950 this field was called radio technology because its principal application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers and vacuum tubes computer.and television

Today, most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering. This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics

Electronic devices and components

An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a desired manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components are generally intended to be connected together, usually computer by television being soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator.

Components may be packaged singly or in more complex groups as integrated circuits. Some common electronic components are capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc. Components are often categorized as active transistors and  or passive  resistors and capacitors

Digital circuits

Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit digital system and logic are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuits use a binary system with two voltage levels labeled  and  Often logic will be a lower voltage and referred to as Low while logic  is referred to as High However, some systems use the reverse definition  or are current based. 

Ternary with three states logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made. Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers used to control industrial processes are constructed of digital circuits. Digital signal processors are another example.

Computer aided design

Today's electronics engineers have the ability to design circuits using premanufactured building blocks such as power supplies, semiconductors (such as transistors), and integrated circuits. Electronic television design automation software programs include schematic capture programs and printed circuit board design programs. Popular names in the EDA software world

Television

Television

Satellite T.V. Channels are the means of modern communication. American family watching TV, 1958 Television (TV) is a for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be refer specifically to.The etymology of the word has a mixed Latin and Greek origin, meaning far sight Greek far, and Latin  sight - to see, or to view in the first personal and computer. radio. talephone. etc

The television set has become commonplace in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a vehicle for , a source of entertainment, and  Since the 1970s the availability and no, have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded as well as broadcast material. In recent year has seen the rise of television available via the e.g.  and

Although other forms such as (CCTV) are in use, the most common usage of the medium is  which was modeled on the existing  systems developed in the 1920s, and uses high-powered  transmitters t the television signal to individual TV receivers.and television .computer

Digital television

Television is typically disseminated via  transmissions on designated channels in the Signals are now often transmitted with  and/or  in many countries. Until the 2000s broadcast TV programs were generally transmitted as a signal, but in 2008 the USA went almost exclusively digital.

A standard comprises multiple internal ,including those for and decoding broadcast signals. A visual  which lacks a is properly called a rather than a television. A television system may use different technical standards such as (DTV) and (HDTV). Television and computer systems are also used for surveillance,industrial process control, and guiding of weapons, in places where direct observation is difficult or dangerous is also used for experimentation, pleasure and public service events by operators. 


Ham TV stations were on the air in many cities before commercial TV stations came on the air.Original Run or First Run: a producer creates a program of one or multiple episodes and shows it on a station o which has either paid for the production itself or to which a license has been granted to do the same

 

This is the terminology rather broadly used to describe secondary programming computer usages (beyond original run). It includes secondary runs in the country of first issue, but also international usage which may not be managed by the originating producer. In many cases other companies,  or individuals are engaged to do the syndication work, in other words to sell the product into the markets they are allowed to sell into by